Linux: Chapter7: Command Line Operations
"Intangible and invisible things may be meaningful.
Tangible and visible things might mean nothing."
SECTION 1 Command Line Mode
A terminal emulator program emulates (simulates) a stand alone terminal within a window on the desktop By default, on GNOME desktop environments, the gnome-terminal application is used to emulate a text-mode terminal in a window. Other available terminal programs include:
- xterm
- rxvt
- konsole
- terminator
xterm is used to emulate a graphical-mode terminal as I installed Oracle DBMS in Linux.
Therefore, I think xterm, rxvt, kconsole and terminator might be the same but different Distros.
The X Window System
Linux Distros provide both CLI and GUI. Production server should be CLI only since it's secured and lean system.
Turning off the Graphical Desktop
Linux distributions can start and stop the graphical desktop in various ways. For Debian-based systems, the Desktop Manager runs as a service which can be simply stopped. For RPM-based systems, the Desktop Manager is run directly by init when set to run level 5; switching to a different runlevel stops the desktop.
Use the sudo service gdm stop or sudo service lightdm stop commands, to stop the graphical user interface in Debian-based systems. On RPM-based systems typing sudo telinit 3 may have the same effect of killing the GUI.
Remark: the killed system doesn't prompt at command line terminal. I mean, it's gone and need to power on again.
↞ sudo vs su ↠
- sudo allows users to run programs using the security privileges of another user, generally root (superuser).
- su (switch user) allows user to switch user to another one such as su - kevin
- "su - root" and "su" and "su -" commands switch to root user but environments are different. You might find its differences in advance.
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I have left out many details since I have known it.
Reference:
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